Properties of Water and Their Definitions

• Adhesion and Cohesion: "stickiness" to other substances and molecules of water, due to the bipolar nature of the H-two-O molecule. 
• Buoyancy: the upward force that opposes the weight (pull of gravity) of an immersed object. Fresh water has less buoyancy than distilled water and salt water has the most buoyancy of these three.
• Surface Tension and Capillary Action: Surface tension results due to the cohesive nature of water: water molecules want to cling together, and form a tension strong enough to hold anything that can't penetrate the surface. Water's cohesive properties also account for its capillary actions: its movement within the spaces of porous material.
• Density: The density of water is the weight of the water per its unit volume, which depends on the temperature of the water. Water has an average density of one gram per milliliter.
• Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature: As the name suggests, oxygen dissolved in water. Rapidly moving water tends to have more dissolved oxygen than stagnant water. Temperature does play a role here as well: cold bodies of water have higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen and warm bodies of water have lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen.
• Hardness: The measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium salts in water.
• pH: the measure of acidity of basicity of an aqueous solution. Water has a pH of 7, which translates to neutral.
• Mixture/Solution/Suspension: A mixture is noticeable, such as a salad; a mixture of water and alcohol would have alcohol on top and water on the bottom (due to buoyancy) and would also have a range of boiling points. A solution (such as ocean water) contains dissolves substances. An example of suspension would be water and sand due to sand being a sediment.
• Specific Heat: Also referred to as "heat capacity." Water has a high specific heat: it has to absorb 4.184 Joules of heat to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
• Solvent/Solute: Water is a solvent; in fact, it's the "universal solvent." Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid, due of course to its polarity.
• Conductivity: A measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current. Conductivity in water is affected by inorganic dissolved solids. Warmer temperatures increase conductivity. 
• Turbidity: The measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample.
• Water Cycle: The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth, a.k.a. the hydrosphere.
• Porosity: How much empty space there is in a material (e.g. a rock). Water likes to collect and run in and through the pores of materials and can erode, especially, rocks and earth in this manner.